The exclusionary rule being applicable to the states is established by which case?

• A. Graham v. Connor (1989)
• B. Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
• C. Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
• D. Detention v Arrest

Answer: (B)

The main idea is that the exclusionary rule is applied to state courts through the incorporation of the Fourth Amendment via the Fourteenth Amendment’s due process clause. Weeks v. United States established the rule for federal cases, but to bind the states, the Supreme Court used Mapp v. Ohio to extend it to state prosecutions. In that decision, the Court held that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment cannot be used in state criminal proceedings, making the exclusionary rule applicable to all states and overruling Wolf v. Colorado’s earlier position on the issue. The other cases listed address different topics—use of force and interrogation rights—and do not address applying the exclusionary rule to the states.