Which is a step before probable cause?

• A. Reasonable suspicion
• B. Beyond a reasonable doubt
• C. Preponderance
• D. Probable cause

Answer: (D)

In policing, proof standards escalate as an investigation progresses. Reasonable suspicion is the lower threshold that allows an officer to stop and briefly investigate when something about a person’s behavior or circumstances suggests involvement in criminal activity. If, during that investigation, additional facts come to light that amount to probable cause—a substantial basis to believe a crime has been committed or that the person is involved—then the officer has the grounds to take more intrusive actions, like making an arrest or conducting a search. Probable cause is the step up from reasonable suspicion, and it must be met before those stronger actions can be taken. Only after a trial would the standard be beyond a reasonable doubt for a conviction, while preponderance of the evidence is a standard used in civil cases. So, the step before probable cause is reasonable suspicion.