Which statement best describes probable cause?

• A. It is the reasonable belief, supported by facts, that evidence or contraband is likely located in the place to be searched.
• B. It is based solely on an anonymous tip with no corroboration.
• C. It is a hunch with no factual support.
• D. It requires a formal charge before acting.

Answer: (A)

Probable cause means a reasonable belief, based on facts and circumstances, that evidence or contraband is likely to be found in the place to be searched. It sits between mere suspicion and proof beyond a reasonable doubt, and it must be grounded in information available to the officer at the time of the action. An anonymous tip by itself generally does not establish probable cause unless it is corroborated by additional independent facts. A hunch or guess without factual support also falls short. You don’t need a formal charge to act—the action can be justified by probable cause, which may or may not lead to charges later.