Which theory attributes crime to a genetic or biological makeup that may predispose someone to criminal behavior?

• A. Strain Theory
• B. Social Learning Theory
• C. Rational Choice Theory
• D. Biological Theory

Answer: (D)

Biological factors are seen as influencing criminal behavior when a person’s genetic makeup or brain biology creates a predisposition toward rule-breaking. This view, known as Biological Theory, focuses on inherited traits, neurochemistry, brain structure, or hormonal influences as potential contributors to criminal conduct.

Strain Theory explains crime as a response to social and economic pressure, not biology. Social Learning Theory attributes crime to learning from others through imitation and reinforcement. Rational Choice Theory sees crime as the result of a deliberate calculation of costs and benefits. Since the question emphasizes a genetic or biological basis for predisposition to crime, Biological Theory is the best fit.