Which theory claims crime is the result of individuals choosing to commit wrongdoing?

• A. Social Conflict Theory
• B. Biological Theory
• C. Choice Theory
• D. Rational Choice Theory

Answer: (C)

The idea being tested is that crime results from individuals deliberately choosing to commit wrongdoing. In Choice Theory, offenders are seen as capable of making conscious decisions, weighing the potential benefits of a crime against the risks and costs of getting caught. If the perceived payoff exceeds the costs, the person opts to commit the act. This emphasizes free will and rational assessment of options—even if actions may appear irrational to others, the decision is framed as a deliberate choice. For example, someone might decide to steal because they believe the financial gain is high and the chance of punishment is low. The other theories describe crime from different angles: Social Conflict Theory focuses on how social and economic inequalities shape crime opportunities and power dynamics; Biological Theory links criminal behavior to biological factors; Rational Choice Theory also centers on decision-making, but the question’s wording aligns with Choice Theory’s emphasis on voluntary choice in this context.