Which theory suggests crime is caused by societal conflict and power disparities, leading to laws that maintain the status quo?

• A. Strain Theory
• B. Control Theory
• C. Labeling Theory
• D. Social Conflict Theory

Answer: (D)

Power dynamics and the law are the focus here. Social Conflict Theory holds that crime emerges from ongoing struggles between groups with unequal power and resources, such as the wealthy and the poor. Because those in power shape and enforce the laws, crime is frequently defined in ways that protect their interests and maintain the existing social order. In this view, the legal system functions as a tool of social control that helps keep the status quo in place, rather than simply reflecting universal moral wrongdoing.

This is different from Strain Theory, which emphasizes individual pressure to achieve culturally approved goals and the resulting deviant responses; Control Theory, which centers on the strength of social bonds and the degree of social constraint; and Labeling Theory, which focuses on how society’s reactions and labels can drive continued deviance.