Who authored the 12 Peelian Principles of Policing?

• A. Sir Robert Peel
• B. August Volmer
• C. Knapp Commission
• D. Robert Peele

Answer: (A)

The 12 Peelian Principles were authored by Sir Robert Peel, who reformed London policing in 1829 with the creation of the Metropolitan Police. These principles frame policing as a public service built on consent, legitimacy, and trust, emphasizing that the police are the public and the public are the police, with force used only as a last resort and proportionally. This set the groundwork for the modern concept of police legitimacy and community role in policing. August Vollmer is known for American professionalization efforts in the early 20th century, the Knapp Commission studied NYC police corruption in the 1970s, and Robert Peele is a common misspelling. Sir Robert Peel is the correct author.